Albin Schram - Albin Schram

Albin Schram (1926–2005), dünya tarihinin şekillendiricileri tarafından imzalanan en büyük imza mektupları koleksiyonerlerinden biriydi. O doğdu Prag -e Avusturya ebeveynler. Hukuk okudu Viyana Üniversitesi ve çalıştı Viyana, Almanya ve İsviçre. Çekoslovakya'nın ilhak edilmesinden sonra, o, Wehrmacht 1943'te.

Schram, 500 yıl boyunca edebi, tarihi, müzikal, politik ve bilimsel şahsiyetler tarafından yazılmış el yazmalarına sahip olan, doymak bilmez bir mektup koleksiyoncusuydu. Zengin bir Avusturyalı bankacıydı ve hobisini malikanesinden sürdürdü. Lozan, İsviçre. Mektuplar, evin bodrum katındaki çamaşırhaneye bitişik bir dosya dolabında saklandı.

Kraliyet üyeleri, bilim adamları, yazarlar ve filozoflar tarafından yazılmış 1000 kadar mektup topladığı söyleniyor. 15. ve 20. yüzyıllar arasında tarihlenirler ve çok çeşitli ülke ve dilleri temsil ederler.

Koleksiyondaki bilinen mektup yazarlarının listesi

Napolyon,Elizabeth I,John Donne,Charlotte Brontë,Ludwig van Beethoven,Albert Einstein,Isaac Newton,Büyük Frederick,Ernest Hemingway,Charles Darwin,Lewis Carroll,Voltaire,Alexander Puşkin,Claude Monet,Winston Churchill (16 yaş),Mahatma Gandi,Daniel Defoe,Çaykovski,Dostoyevski,Ezra Poundu,Garcia Lorca,Oliver Cromwell,T. S. Eliot,Efendim byron,Sigmund Freud,Charles Dickens,Büyük Peter,John Calvin,William Bligh,Oscar Wilde,Joséphine de Beauharnais.

Yazarlar

Joseph Addison,Henri Alban-Fournier,Bettina von Arnim,W.H. Auden,Honoré de Balzac,Charles Baudelaire,Pierre Beaumarchais,Jorge Luis Borges,James Boswell,Johann Jakob Breitinger,Bertholt Brecht,André Breton,Charlotte Brontë,Patrick Brontë,Elizabeth Barrett Browning,Robert Browning,Fanny Burney,Robert yanıyor,Efendim byron,Lewis Carroll,Giacomo Casanova,Louis-Ferdinand Céline,Nicolas Chamfort,Anton Çehov,Joseph Chénier,Philip Stanhope, 4 Chesterfield Kontu,Paul Claudel,Matthias Claudius,Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain),Samuel Taylor Coleridge,Sir Arthur Conan Doyle,William Congreve,Joseph Conrad,Édouard Corbière,Marquis de Custine,Thomas de Quincey,Daniel Defoe,Charles Dickens,John Donne,Dostoyevski,Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff,George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans),T. S. Eliot,John Evelyn,Edward Gibbon,Johann Wilhelm Ludwig Gleim,William Godwin,Johann Wolfgang von Goethe,Carlo Goldoni,Oliver Goldsmith,Johann Joseph von Görres,Thomas Gray,Graham Greene,Franz Grillparzer,Jacob Grimm,Wilhelm Grimm,Francesco Guicciardini,William Hazlitt,Johann Peter Hebel,Heinrich Heine,Ernest Hemingway,Johann Gottfried Herder,Henriette Herz,E. T. A. Hoffmann,Hugo von Hofmannsthal,Joris-Karl Huysmans,Washington Irving,Henry James,Francis Jammes,Samuel Johnson,James Joyce,Franz Kafka,Gottfried Keller,Rudyard Kipling,Heinrich von Kleist, Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock, Jean de La Fontaine, Jules Laforgue, Walter Savage Landor, Valery Larbaud, Johann Kaspar Lavater, Nikolaus Lenau, Giacomo Leopardi, Mikhail Lermontov, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Friedrich, Freiherr von Logau, Jack London, Garcia Lorca,François de Malherbe, James Macpherson, André Malraux, Thomas Mann, Alessandro Manzoni, Francois de Maucroix,Adam majör,Metastaziyo,Conrad Ferdinand Meyer,Henry Miller,Eduard Mörike,Pablo Neruda,Gérard de Nerval,Johann Nestroy,Pierre Nicole,Novalis,Seán O'Casey,Boris Pasternak,Leo Perutz,August von Platen-Hallermünde,Ezra Poundu,Marcel Proust,Jeanne Clemence Proust,Alexander Puşkin,Wilhelm Raabe,Francesco Redi,Samuel Richardson,Jean Paul Friedrich Richter,Rainer Maria Rilke,Arthur Rimbaud,Antoine de Rivarol,Ludwig Robert,Joseph Roth,Saint-John Perse,George Sand,Friedrich Schiller,Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel,Johanna Schopenhauer,Johann Gottfried Seume,Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, Markiz de Sévigné,Percy Bysshe Shelley,Georges Simenon,Tobias Smollett,Sör Richard Steele,Anne Louise Germaine de Staël,Stendhal,Laurence Sterne,Christian zu Stolberg-Stolberg,Theodor Storm,August Strindberg,Madam Swetchine,Algernon Charles Swinburne,Jonathan Swift,John Millington Synge,Torquato Tasso,William Makepeace Thackeray,Gerhard Tersteegen,Dylan Thomas,J. R. R. Tolkien,Ludwig Tieck,Leo Tolstoy,Friedrich Torberg,Ivan Turgenev,Georg Trakl,Paul Valéry,Paul Verlaine,Horace Walpole, 4 Orford Kontu,Evelyn Waugh,Franz Werfel,Christoph Martin Wieland,Oscar Wilde,Virginia Woolf,Dorothy Wordsworth,William Wordsworth,W. B. Yeats.

Sanatçılar

Gian Lorenzo Bernini,Ernst Barlach,Le Corbusier,Gustave Courbet,Richard Dadd,Jacques-Louis David,Edgar Degas,Otto Dix, Cristoforo Foppa (muhtemelen Ambrogio Foppa ),Henri Gaudier-Brzeska,Paul Gauguin,Francisco Goya,Jules Hardouin Mansart,Vasily Kandinsky,Angelica Kauffman,Paul Klee,Oskar Kokoschka,Mikhail Larionov,René Magritte,Kazimir Malevich,Henri Matisse,Anton Raphael Mengs,Adolph Menzel,Piet Mondrian,Claude Monet,William Morris,Edvard Munch,Nadar (fotoğrafçı),Emil Nolde,Camille Pissarro,Odilon Redon,Pierre-Auguste Renoir,Salvator Rosa,Egon Schiele,Charles Perrault,Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec,Tristan Tzara,Giorgio Vasari,Paolo Veronese,John Butler Yeats.

Tiyatro ve Müzik

George Balanchine,Ludwig van Beethoven,Alban Berg,Sarah Bernhardt,Johannes Brahms,Charles Burney,Claude Debussy,Sergei Diaghilev,Eleonora Duse,David Garrick,Glenn Gould,Ağustos Wilhelm Iffland,Leoš Janáček,Boris Kochno,Franz Liszt,Maria Malibran,Léonide Massine,Niccolò Paganini,Sergei Prokofiev,Max Reinhardt (tiyatro yönetmeni),Arnold Schoenberg,Robert Schumann,Richard Brinsley Sheridan,Bedřich Smetana,Igor Stravinsky,Giuseppe Tartini,Pyotr İlyiç Çaykovski,Georg Philipp Telemann,Richard Wagner.

Soylular ve Devlet Adamları

Julie d'Angennes,Brittany Anne,Anne, İngiltere Kraliçesi,Mustafa Kemal ATATÜRK,François-Noël Babeuf,Paul François Jean Nicolas, vicomte de Barras,Saint Robert Bellarmine,Götz von Berlichingen,Theodore Beza,Otto von Bismarck,Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher,Elizabeth I,Bohemya Elisabeth, Prenses Palatine,François Bonivard,Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet,Carlo Buonaparte,Edmund Burke,Pierre Cambronne,Catherine de 'Medici,Büyük Catherine,Charles IV, Kutsal Roma İmparatoru,İsveç Christina,Winston Churchill (16 yaş),Henri Coiffier de Ruzé, Cinq-Mars Markisi,Carl von Clausewitz,Jean-Baptiste Colbert,Georges Clemenceau,Gaspard de Coligny,Ramboldo, Collalto Sayısı,Georges Couthon,Oliver Cromwell,Camille Desmoulins,Benjamin Disraeli,Marie Duplessis,T'hami El Glaoui,Valois Elisabeth,Bohemya Elizabeth,Borso d'Este,Isabella d'Este,Savoy Prensi Eugene,Joseph Fouché,Francis de Sales,Büyük Frederick,Frederick V, Seçmen Palatine,Prusya Frederick William I,Ferdinando Galiani,Matthias Gallas,Mahatma Gandi,Gaspar de Guzmán, Olivares Kont Dükü,Gaston, Orléans Dükü,Charles de Gaulle,Warren Hastings,Fransa Henry III,Fransa Henry IV,Theodor Herzl,Andreas Hofer,Sophie, Hohenberg Düşesi,Frowin von Hutten,Albret Jean II,John, Saksonya Seçmeni,Avusturya John,Joseph I, Kutsal Roma İmparatoru,Joseph II, Kutsal Roma İmparatoru,Joséphine de Beauharnais,Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de La Fayette,Marie-Madeleine Pioche de la Vergne, comtesse de la Fayette,Joseph Lakanal,Giovanni Lanfredini,Dominique Jean Larrey,Pere Michel le Tellier,Leopold I, Kutsal Roma İmparatoru,Belçika Leopold II,Anne Long (c. 1681-1711),Charles IV, Lorraine Dükü,Henry II, Lorraine Dükü,Fransa Kralı XIII.Louis,Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon,Hortense Mancini,Peter Ernst I von Mansfeld-Vorderort,Marguerite de Valois,Avusturya Maria Theresa,Mather'ı artırın,Jan Masaryk,Maximilian I, Kutsal Roma İmparatoru,Kardinal Mazarin,Giuseppe Mazzini,Leopoldo de 'Medici,Philipp Melanchthon,François Mitterrand,Carl Joseph Anton Mittermaier,Louis-Joseph de Montcalm,Raimondo Montecuccoli,Benito Mussolini,Napolyon,Jacques Necker,Max NordauCharles I de Valois, Orléans Dükü,Nicolas IV de Neufville, Siegneur de Villeroy,Pasquale Paoli,Büyük Peter,Samuel Pepys,Johann Patkul,Jeanne Françoise Julie Adélaïde Récamier (Juliette Recamier olarak),Napoli'li René I,Kardinal Richelieu,Maximilien Robespierre,Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, Comte de Rochambeau,François de La Rochefoucauld,Madam Roland,Henri de Schomberg,Portekiz Sebastian,Heinrich Friedrich Karl Reichsfreiherr vom und zum Stein,Gian Giacomo Trivulzio,Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne,Albrecht von Wallenstein,Chaim Weizmann,Arthur Wellesley, Wellington 1 Dükü.

Dini figürler

John Calvin, Jan Hus,Martin Luther,Papa Pius XI, Ávila Teresa.

Bilim adamları ve filozoflar

Theodor W. Adorno,Amedeo Avogadro,Pierre Bayle,Johann Bernoulli,Claude Louis Berthollet,Herman Boerhaave,Ludwig Boltzmann,François-Joseph-Victor Broussais,Martin Buber,Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon,Francisco José de Caldas,Jean de Carro,Jean-François Champollion,Jean-Antoine Chaptal,Comenius,Marquis de Condorcet,Charles Darwin,Denis Diderot,Albert Einstein,Johann Gottlieb Fichte,Ağustos Hermann Francke,Sigmund Freud,Friedrich Wilhelm August Fröbel,Carl Friedrich Gauss,Hugo Grotius,Otto von Guericke,Fritz Haber,Samuel Hahnemann,Stephen Hales,Johann Georg Hamann,Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel,Thomas hobbes,Johann Heinrich Hottinger,Alexander von Humboldt,David hume,Cornelius Jansen,Carl Jung,Immanuel Kant,René Laennec,Pierre-Simon Laplace,Gottfried Leibniz,Georg Christoph Lichtenberg,Carl Linnaeus,john Locke,Nicolas Malebranche,Dmitri Mendeleev,Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu,Adam Müller,Isaac Newton,Friedrich Nietzsche,Alfred nobel,Louis Pasteur,Guy Patin,François Gigot de la Peyronie,Max Planck,Pierre-Joseph Proudhon,Jan Evangelista Purkyně,Frank P. Ramsey,René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur,Francesco Redi,Hermann Rorschach,Jean-Jacques Rousseau,Friedrich Carl von Savigny,Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling,Arthur Schopenhauer,Philipp Jakob Spener,George Stephenson,Dominique Villars,Voltaire,Max Weber,Johann Joachim Winckelmann,Ludwig Wittgenstein.

Diğerleri

William Bligh,Jacob Burckhardt,Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi.

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